About the Properties of Jet and Amber

JET.

The making of jet or mourning jewelry was once a very large industry in France and England, and even now Whitby jet is well known in commerce.

Jet is a species of bituminous coal (cannel coal) which can be cut with a knife. The hardness is 1 to 2.5; specific gravity, 1.35; its lustre is not very high, and color pitch-black.

It is found in England, France, Hesse, Spain, Italy, and Prussia.

AMBER.

Amber is a fossil, and is not to be classed amongst minerals, but this material has always been used as an ornament, and a few notes will not be out of place here.

This vegetable fossil, which has been known to the world for ages, the Greeks called electron.

It is very light, having a specific gravity of 1.065 to 1.08, and is 2 to 2.5 in hardness.

The principal color is yellow, in various shades, sometimes running into white or reddish-brown and black.

Amber is transparent to translucent, possesses single refraction, a resinous lustre to a high degree, becomes electric by rubbing, and burns readily before the blow-pipe.

Amber when heated becomes soft and pliable.

Amber is composed of:

Carbon 79.

Hydrogen 10.5

Oxygen 10.5

Amber is imitated by gum copal, and even the insect enclosures which occur in real amber are copied.

These imitations can be detected by placing the specimen in water or alcohol. This is also a good test for pieces of real amber that have been melted or glued together.

Amber is thrown up by the sea, in rivers near the sea, or on the sea-shore, and has been found in nearly all parts of the world.

The Russian, Baltic, and Sicilian coasts have yielded the larger portion of the production, but supplies come also from Galizia, the Urals, Poland, China, and the United States.