Methods of Creation of Precious Stones

We have seen that the elementary constituents of precious stones must have existed once in a condition that allowed them to move freely; and that this condition was obtained by one of three general methods--

1st.--Direct fusion of the substance by a sufficient heat.

2d.--Dissolution at variable temperatures of the mineral substance in a foreign body, and complete or partial volatilization of the dissolvent; or crystallization without evaporation under the influence of natural forces, either alone or aided by heat, electricity, &c.

3d.--Prior reduction into vapour of substances destined to react upon each other.

To the first method belong the results of the observations of Mitscherlich upon the mineral species which are naturally produced in furnaces where metals are reduced; the direct reproduction of several minerals by Berthier; and, above all, the fusion of alumina and of silica, by M. Gaudin.

The second method comprehends the remarkable results of Ebelman; that which M. de Senarmont has employed, but in which intervenes a new element, that of a very strong compression; and lastly, that of M. Becquerel, but with still another element, the action of a feeble electric current.